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H. K. Singh ¹, P. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of zoology, Tilak Dhari Postgraduate College, Jaunpur-222 002, IN
2 Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228 001

Abstract

No abstract given

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S. K. Nigam ¹, P. B. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

No Abstract

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V. Singh ¹, S. S. Srivastava ¹, P. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Tilak Dhari Postgraduate College, Jaunpur-222 002 UP, IN
2 Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228 001 UP, IN

Abstract

No Abstract

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D. T. Vengayil ¹, P. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Science and Technology, Technology Bhavan, New Delhi-110016
2 Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228 001

Abstract

No Abstract

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Veena Gupta ¹, Archana Singh ¹, P. B. Singh ¹, D. B. Parakh ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

An insight into local healthcare systems and traditional knowledge about medicinal plants is always instrumental in providing nascent ideas to pharmaceutical industries to develop strategic research programmes for the identification of new bioactive compounds for the production of synthetic drug molecules. Many a times this undocumented information is lost much before it is realized by the users since it passed from generation to generation orally. For strengthening the proper usage and conservation of the medicinal traditions prevailing in the Chanawada village of Girwa block in Udaipur, a survey was undertaken to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal inhabitants of the area. Traditional uses of 24 medicinal plants occurring in wild habitat were recorded and are being presented in this paper.

Keywords

Medicinal Plants, Health Care

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P. B. Singh ¹, S. K. Nigam ¹, Rajveer Singh ¹, H. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Ganpat Sahai PG College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

The objectives of the present investigation was to monitor the HCHs (isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane), DDTs (metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), chlorpyrifos in tissue bioaccumulation and plasma levels of cortisol between the sampling sites of the unpolluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (reference site) and the polluted rivers the Gomti (Jaunpur) and the Ganga (Varanasi) as stress hormone of some edible catfishes during non-breeding season owing to industrialization. The insecticides were measured by the gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and plasma cortisol by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbents Assay (ELISA). The results indicated that the presence of HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos was much higher in the catfishes captured from the river Gomti than those of the river Ganga when compared to reference site. The plasma level of cortisol was low in the fishes captured from both the rivers. In conclusion, the fishes from polluted rivers showed high degree of contamination which caused stress and ultimately decreased the growth of edible fishes of riverine sources.

Keywords

Insecticides, Bioaccumulation, Wild Catfishes, Cortisol, Stress Hormone, River Pollution.

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Doyil T. Vengayil ¹, Jyoti Singh ², Ashwarya Luxmi Singh ³, V. K. Das ³, P. B. Singh ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi-110016, IN
2 Department of Science and Technology, T. D. College, Jaunpur-222 002, IN
3 Department of Science and Technology, KNIPSS, Sultanpur-228 002, IN
4 Department of Science and Technology, Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to monitor the levels of bioaccumulation of carbamates (Carbofuran, Carbaryl and Aldicarb) and pyrethroid insecticides (Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin) in liver, brain and ovary of captured catfish Bagarius bagarius from unpolluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (reference site) and polluted river Gomti, Jaunpur during pre-monsoon or breeding phase. The carbamates were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the pyrethroids by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Results indicated that catfish B. bagarius captured from river Gomti have higher bioaccumulation of insecticides when compared to those from the reference site reflecting the degree of pesticide pollution present in those water bodies. The bioaccumulation of Carbofuran, Carbaryl and Aldicarb were significantly higher in the brain, liver and ovary in polluted fish as compared to the conspecific species captured from reference site. Likewise, the bioaccumulation of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin was also higher in the studied tissues when compared with fish of same species captured from the reference site. Results indicated that the bioaccumulation of these insecticides cause metabolic disorder as well as affect the reproductive physiology of this species.

Keywords

Carbamates, Pyrethroids, Tissue, Bioaccumulation, Fish.

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S. K. Nigam ¹, Jyoti Singh ², Ashwarya Luxmi Singh ¹, V. K. Das ³, P. B. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228001, IN
2 T. D. College, Jaunpur-222 002, IN
3 KNIPSS, Sultanpur-228 002, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was performed to monitor the HCHs (HCH isomers), DDTs (DDT and its metabolites), chlorpyrifos, plasma levels of estradiol-17β (E2) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) between the sampling sites of the non-polluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (reference site) and the polluted river Gomti (Jaunpur), affecting the reproductive physiology of some edible female catfish during pre-monsoon season. The HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos were measured by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and hormone by Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results indicated that the presence of HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos was very high in the catfish captured from polluted river as compared from the conspecific fish captured from reference site. The GSI and E2 declined in female catfish of polluted site when compared to same species from reference site. Results have also indicated that catfish contained high bioaccumulation of HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos which was beyond permissible limit as compared to the female catfish of the reference site. In conclusion, the fishes of river Gomti were highly polluted when compared with the fish of reference site as was evident from high levels of tissue bioaccumulation of HCHs, DDTs, chlorpyrifos and decreased levels of plasma E2 inhibiting the reproductive physiology of these species at receptor level. However, the levels exceeded maximum residue limits (MRL) as recommended by Codex, hence it is suggested that the fish containing pesticide residues beyond permissible limit should be avoided for the food purposes.

Keywords

Catfish, Estradiol-17β, HCHs, DDTs, Chlorpyrifos Bioaccumulation, Reproduction, Steroidogenesis, River Pollution.

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Vandana Singh ¹, S. S. Srivastava ¹, P. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, T. D. College Jaunpur (UP), IN
2 Ganpat Sahai PG College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the impact of cypermethrin exposure for 40 days at sublethal concentration (0.02 ppm) on gonado-somatic index (GSI) and the conjugation of plasma levels of free and conjugate reproductive sex steroids-testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 17- hydroxyprogesterone (17-P) and 11-deoxycortisol (S) during prespawning and post-spawning phases of the annual reproductive cycle in freshwater male catfish, Heteronpneustes fossilis. Results indicate that there is decrease in conjugation (glucuronide and sulfate) after exposure. Histology of testes indicates gross condensation of spermatogenic cells, cytotoxic damage and vacuolization in the tubular epithelium in the testes after exposure. Cypermethrin causes inhibition of free to conjugate form of sex steroids. Obviously such changes and inhibition of free to its glucuronide and sulfate sex steroids causes the disturbances in the equilibrium of sex hormones and affects the pheromonal behavior and reproduction by these conjugates of this species.

Keywords

Cypermethrin, Histology, Sex Steroids, Conjugation, Catfish, Reproduction.

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P. B. Singh ¹, D. E. Kime ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Tilak Dhari College, Jaunpur-222 002, IN
2 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2UQ, GB

Abstract

Testicular and ovarian fragments of Carassius auratus, taken during the reproductively active prespawning phase (June) of its annual reproductive cycle, were incubated with different concentrations (0 mg/ml,0.001 mg/ml, lppm;0.01 mg/ml, 10ppm; and 0.02 mg/ml, 20 ppm) of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the presence of either exogenous precursor [³H]-17-hydroxyprogesterone ([³H]-17-P 96.5kBq, 13.04ng/Incubation) or carp hypophyseal homogenate (chh, 100 μγg/incubation). The free (unconjugated) and conjugated metabolites (glucuronides and sulfates) of [³H]-17-P [androstenedione (AD), androstenetrione, 17-hydroxyprogeste-rone, testosterone (T), 11- deoxycortisol (S), 17, 20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20αP), 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20βP), 7α-pregnanetetrols (7α-P), and other polar metabolites] were separated by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The endogenous production of unconjugated (free) steroids T, 17,20βP, S and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in response to γ-HCH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Among the in vitro metabolism of [³]-17-P, in males; free steroids of AD, T, 17,20aP, S and polar free steroids were increased with the decreased yield of 11-KT. Percentage yield of testosterone glucuronide (TG) was increased with highly significant decreased yields of polar glucuronide steroids. The sulfate steroids of 17, 20αP, 17, 20βP, S and 11-KT remain unchanged. In females, the decreased percentage of yield of AD and S, and elevated T were noticed. The yield of TG was increased with decreased yield of 7α-P glucuronides. The percentage yield of AD sulfate and sulfate steroids of 17, 20αP, 17, 20βP and S were noted to be increased, but the yield for S sulfate was very high. Endogenous production of T was increased in both sexes in the presence of γ-HCH, but 11-KT in male and S in female were depressed. 17,20βP was stimulated at some concentrations in both sexes but levels were very low. Results indicate that γ-HCH in vitro perturbed the steroids biosynthesis during this phase thereby affecting reproductive physiology.

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K. D. Verma ¹, P. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, AHR Shia College, Jaunpur-222001, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Tilak Dhari College, Jaunpur-222002, IN

Abstract

Heteropneustes fossilis of either sex were total phospholipids, phosphotidyl choline, was exposed for four weeks at sub lethal concentration (0.002 ppm) during different phases of its annual reproductive cycle. Effect of exposure on plasma, liver and gonads phosphalipids have been worked out. Among total phospholipids, phosphotidyl choline, was found to be major component and next to that was phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidyl serine, respectively.

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P. B. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Business Administration, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, IN

Abstract

An organization is formed to accomplish a specific mission. To do this, it must attract and hire people who have certain knowledge, skills, aptitude, and attitude. To attract and retain such people, the organization provides rewards. An organization designs and implements a reward system to focus workers' attention on the specific behaviors the organization considers necessary to achieve its desired objectives and goals. The behavior ranges from simply arriving at work at the scheduled time to meeting specified performance standards and providing innovative contributions that lead to improved productivity.

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